Psychology AB Quiz. Ivan Pavlov was most well-known for which of the following?
Introduction to Psychology
1.
Ivan Pavlov was most well-known for which of the following?
Responses
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Conditioning dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell
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Studying what factors led to attachment in infant monkeys
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Studying the different cognitive developmental stages of infants and children
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Teaching pigeons to peck at specific stimuli
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2.
The notion that human behavior is greatly influenced by unconscious thoughts and desires is most consistent with which of the following psychological approaches?
Responses
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Cognitive
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Biological
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Behavioral
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Sociocultural
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Psychodynamic
3.
In studying the behavior of five year olds in freeplay situations, a cognitive psychologist would be most interested in the children’s
Responses
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problem-solving strategies
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toy preferences
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degree of cooperative behavior
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prosocial play activities
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Choice of playmates
4.
Cognitive theorists emphasize the
Responses
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powerful unconscious impulses that motivate behavior
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formation and modification of schemas
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impact of rewards and punishments
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individual’s desire to become self-actualized
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social norms that determine expected behavior
5.
The first area of psychology to be studied as a science is known as
Responses
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psychoanalysis
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phrenology
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classical conditioning
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mesmerism
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Psychophysics
6.
John B. Watson is best known as the founder of
Responses
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behaviorism
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functionalism
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rationalism
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structuralism
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Mechanism
7.
Dorothea Dix was known for
Responses
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becoming the first woman to be appointed president of the American Psychological Association (APA)
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becoming the first woman to be granted a Ph.D. in psychology
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documenting the poor conditions of mental asylums, which eventually led to their reform
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being the first person to ever be called a psychologist
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· Conducting the Little Albert study alongside John Watson
8.
In the 1800s, the activist Dorothea Dix led a movement in support of
Responses
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using introspection as a therapeutic procedure
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eliminating the policy of deinstitutionalization
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adopting the belief that mental disorders occur when people fail to conform to society’s expectations
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outlawing the practice of surgical lobotomy
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· Improving the treatment of patients with mental disorder who were housed in asylums
9.
Introspection, a research tool used by early psychologists, is a technique which involves
Responses
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correlational analyses
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machines designed for cognitive analysis
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survey methodology
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self-examination of mental processes
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· Teaching participants to multitask
10.
Introspection as practiced by early structuralists is best illustrated by which of the following behaviors?
Responses
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Describing one’s immediate sensations while looking at a rose
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Determining the best way for children to learn in school
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Conditioning an infant to fear rabbits
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Recalling one’s unconscious desires
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· Creating intelligence tests for use in the military
11.
Ivan Pavlov is best known for his research that involved pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of food. Food naturally caused the dogs to salivate, and eventually the dogs salivated to the sound of the bell alone. Pavlov named this phenomenon
Responses
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cognitive development
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classical conditioning
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operant conditioning
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Humanism
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· Behaviorism
12.
One major objection to the early Skinnerian approach to psychology is that it
Responses
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did not take into account internal thoughts and feelings
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did not take into account overt physical behaviors
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did not take into account accumulated experiences
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focused primarily on childhood experiences
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· Focused primarily on the unconscious
13.
Although Paul seems bright and capable to his parents and friends, he has been failing in school. Paul agrees to speak with a psychologist, who suggests that his problems stem from internal processes such as unrealistic expectations and negative thinking. The psychologist’s view is typical of which of the following models of behavior?
Responses
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Psychoanalytic
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Humanistic
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Cognitive
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Sociobiological
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· Behavioral
14.
The belief that human behavior is the result of unconscious drives and conflicts represents which of the following theoretical perspectives?
Responses
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Behavioral
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Biological
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Cognitive
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Humanistic
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· Psychoanalytic
15.
Which of the following approaches to psychology emphasizes observable responses over inner experiences when accounting for behavior?
Responses
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Behaviorist
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Cognitive
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Existentialist
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· Psychodynamic
16.
Psychodynamic therapy has its roots in the theories of
Responses
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Sigmund Freud
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B. F. Skinner
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Abraham Maslow
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· Carl Rogers
17.
Which of the following characterizes a behavioral approach to psychology?
Responses
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A study of the unconscious motives involved in behavior
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An introspective study of the mental imagery used in problem solving
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An analysis of the neurons involved in memory storage
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· The use of a projective test to assess personality
18.
Which of the following statements is true of behaviorism?
Responses
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It was formulated to account for cognitive development.
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It is rooted in Sigmund Freud’s view of the importance of early experiences.
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It focuses on the development of thought processes and knowledge.
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It holds that development is largely a product of learning.
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· It emphasizes the dominance of heredity over environment
19.
Which of the following psychologists would have been likely to say, “I do not care about the unconscious or hidden motives—I want to study behavior directly”?
Responses
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Carl Rogers
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Sigmund Freud
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Wilhelm Wundt
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· William James
20.
Which of the following perspectives suggests that depression is due to the unconscious conflicts and hostile feelings that originate in early childhood?
Responses
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Biological
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Behavioral
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Psychoanalytic
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· Cognitive
21.
According to Wilhelm Wundt, the focus of scientific psychology should be the study of
Responses
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observable behavior
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conscious experience
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unconscious motivation
· Physiology and behavior