In this paper, describe FEMAs fundamental role before during and after disasters. Next, give an overview of the nine FEMA guiding principles:
Accessibility
Accountability
Empowerment
Engagement
Flexibility
Getting Results
Preparation
Stewardship
Teamwork
Prior to a disaster, FEMA provides preparedness programs designed to mitigate or eliminate loss when disasters do occur. This includes hazard mitigation programs to support individuals or government to reduce dangers or eliminate long-term risk to people and property stemming from disasters. It also supports the National Flood Insurance Program to support homeowners and tenants who risk losing property after a flood.
In the wake of a disaster, FEMA plays a critical role in meeting the needs of affected populations in the United States. FEMA staff conducts damage assessments, supports local emergency management operations and establishes voluntary liaisons to support the faith, philanthropic and nonprofit communities. FEMA establishes PODs (Points of Distribution) in conjunction with the National Guard to distribute water and tarps. They also provide Disaster Recovery Centers (DRC) to enable people to access information and financial assistance.
In addition, FEMA coordinates the disaster-related work of other U.S. governmental agencies and departments. FEMA’s Emergency Support Functions (ESFs) provide a structure to oversee response in disasters. ESF 6, for example, includes “Mass Care, Emergency Assistance, Temporary Housing, and Human Services – coordinates and provides life-sustaining resources, essential services, and statutory programs when the needs of disaster survivors exceed local, state, tribal, territorial, and insular area government capabilities.” Many nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) responding in the immediate aftermath of a disaster are supporting ESF 6 activities.
FEMA also provides three types of financial or programmatic grants to assist communities: