Description of the physiology of the human nervous system (using your textbook as a primary information source).
Description of the physiology of the human nervous system
An explanation of how the environment of Proxima c may affect the functioning of The human nervous system.
Propose an adaptation to the human nervous: system the Proxima c humanoid would have to compensate for the environment.
The adaptation can be based on changes in a human organ to make it work more efficiently on Proxima c or can be an organ that is not found in the human nervous system.
The proposal should include justification as to why that particular adaption would benefit the humanoid more than any other adaptation to The nervous system
Justifications should be based on known scientific principles and research.
Describe how this change or new organ would enable the humanoid to function
better on this planet than on Earth
Use reliable sources and identify the relevant information used for your analysis and justification.
Anatomy and physiology of the nervous system
The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The brain controls most body functions, including awareness, movements, sensations, thoughts, speech and memory. The spinal cord is connected to the brain at the brain stem and is covered by the vertebrae of the spine. Nerves exit the spinal cord to both sides of the body. The spinal cord carries signals back and forth between the brain and the nerves in the rest of the body.
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is the part of the nervous system outside of the CNS. It is made up of nerves and ganglia that send signals to and receive signals from the CNS. The PNS is divided into the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The somatic nervous system controls body movements that are under our control such as walking. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions that the body does on its own such as breathing and digestion.
The autonomic nervous system is further divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for situations that require strength and heightened awareness or situations that arouse fear, anger, excitement or embarrassment. This is called the fight-or-flight response. It causes the heart to beat faster, makes you breathe quicker and more shallowly, dilates the pupils and increases metabolism. The parasympathetic nervous system has a calming effect on the body. It returns heart rate and breathing to normal, constricts the pupils and slows down metabolism to conserve energy.
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